Opportunity and Threat of Airasia free essay sample

Huge Market Potential In a country of a billion people, the Indonesian aviation industry is puny. Indonesia have 12 million people who travel by air every year against 3 million passengers who fly everyday in the US, even though its population is one-fourth that of Indonesia. Even if we assumed that only one-fourth of that large middle-class could afford and would be willing to travel by air, it would call for at least a 5-6-fold increase in capacity. This points to a huge opportunity for AirAsia and the aviation industry in general. However, this large market is recognized by all and is the reason why new players are waiting to enter the Industry to exploit this potential. It is pertinent to note that the number of air travelers in Indonesia has grown during the last there of 2005-08 as compared to the same period last year, as per estimates of Amadeus Worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on Opportunity and Threat of Airasia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Product differentiation – At present, AirAsia differentiates its no frills product by offering less features at substantially low fares. However, this strategy will become generic with the entry of low cost carriers waiting in the wings. At that stage, low cost competition will each need to try and â€Å"be different†. Limited product differentiation is an opportunity, but mustbe approached with extreme caution. This has happened in the West and by trying to differentiate; some low-cost airlines also losetheir bearing and begin adding frills like assigned seating, hot meals and in-flight entertainment to attract some of the more comfort-seeking customers. But that leaves themexposed to being undercut by a new competitor who focuses exclusively on price. Anything(like frills) that adds costs and reduces price competitiveness is a bad trade-off. gt;gt; THREAT *Skiller competition *– The Asia Region skies are witnessing a bloody battle for market shares. A much anticipated fare war has broken out across Asia Region skies. AirAsia is still a gowing airline company, but a medium-big player in the Asia Region skies. They are vulnerable to price cuts by large-existing players with deep pockets. Aviation expert s are betting could start a debilitating price war to push the fledgling no frills airlines off the tarmac permanently. Oil price fluctuations – Oil price hikes spare no airline. Aviation turbine fuel (ATF) cost andother operational costs (all government controlled) are the same for all airlines, whether it is alow cost airline or not. This adds significantly to costs of carriers like AirAsia, especially since fuel costs as a percentage of total costs are higher at 26% for low cost airlines, compared to 20% for full service airlines. Overcapacity – Aircraft manufacturers continue to build and deliver new aircraft, adding new capacity. In off peak periods and on certain routes, this leads to overcapacity problems. Overcapacity fuels an imminent price war in the hope of filling empty seats. Worldwide, overcapacity pressures have at times lowered ticket prices to unreasonable levels, erodingbottom lines and acting as a threat. Diminishing yields per passenger Overall, industry-wide demand for air travel in Asia Region has increased, but fares (average per flight) have not. Although more passengers are flying, they are paying less to do so. Not only are full service airlines collecting less fare revenue from the passengers they fly, they are also flying fewer passengers than they used to. Low-cost airlines are flying more passengers at lower prices. Controlling costs and maintaining cost differentiation is absolutely critical to overcome this threat. Open skies policy – The opening up Asia Region skies to foreign carriers is being debated at great length by the Regional Government. Should this happen, there will be an influx of global players in the Regional market. Their long years of experience in markets abroad and financial strength will be a threat to AirAsia. Poor Airport Infrastructure – Airlines like AirAsia can buy more airplanes and put them in the air. But how do they take the aircraft and people through the terminals? There are notenough gates, not enough counter space, not enough parking bays. Lack of secondary airport infrastructure In Europe as well as the US, low-cost airlineshave one more way to shave off costs but one that is a source of cost advantage unavailableto AirAsia or its followers for some time to come. Abroad, low cost airlines avoid flying into mainland airports and, therefore, dont incur high parking and landing fees.

Community Based Corrections

Community Based Corrections The annotated bibliography on impacts of community based corrections on the criminal justice system covers the issues discussed below.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Community Based Corrections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thesis Statement The proponents of community based corrections argue that there is need to find an alternative to imprisonment of nonviolent offenders which is low cost given the financial constraint the federal government is facing and the increasing jails populations. This alternative to incarceration has been widely adopted in United States of America and other countries in the world. This can be attributed to its ability to punish, rehabilitate, reintegrate and counsel convicted offenders. The results are safer and more productive communities. Therefore, community based correction programs have had positive impacts hence its wide adoption. Introduction Community based corr ections in the criminal justice system are programs that offer an alternative to jail term for convicted offenders. This is based on the fact that convicted offenders will eventually return into the community and therefore the need to repair the damage done to victims of crime and reform the offender in order to reduce the risk of re-offending potential. The proponents also believe that only a small percentage of these crimes committed necessitate capital punishment or incarceration. The petty offenders can also be punished using more humane and productive modes that consume fewer resources. The history of community based corrections The roots of community corrections shall be discussed. Criminal justice was seen as a harsh system especially to minor offenders. In the Nineteenth century judges had powers to delay sentences to offenders as long as they continued to behave well. This was eventually adopted and developed to incorporate a variety of community based sanctions. Administra tion of community based correction programs This part discusses the roles, positions and assumptions on which the criminal justice system is operated and how community corrections fit correctional goals. The actors in the community based corrections are also discussed and their roles in the criminal justice system The future of the community based corrections shall be discussed The role of community based corrections at the three major decision points After the arrest of an offender community based corrections play a crucial role at the decision points. The three decision points which are bail, sentencing and reentry will be discussed in details.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The goals of community based corrections The main goals of community based corrections are punishing the offenders while at the same time ensuring the safety of the public, addre ssing victim’s needs and curbing future acts of crime. This is done through various ways which will be discussed in the paper. Conclusion This part will cover the summary of the major topics discussed in the paper. Annotated bibliography Alarid, L.F., Cromwell, P.F., Carmen, R.V. (2007). Community-Based Corrections. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Community based corrections in the criminal justice system generally refer to an alternative mode of punishment for convicted offenders of non-violent and petty offenses. This has been popularized by the belief that convicted offenders need a form of correction that reintegrates them into the society and the need to use scarce government resources in a productive way. Alarid, Cromwell and Carmen (2007) in their book Community-Based Corrections gives in detail an in depth look into community based corrections including their goals and assumptions they are bases on, the three major decision points in which the system takes and their go als. This book also goes on to introduce the history of parole and reentry of prisoners into the society after parole and how community-based corrections can be incorporated into juvenile justice. Clear, T.R., Cole, G.F., Reisig, M.D. (2008). American Corrections. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Probation and community correction practice and procedure in America is discussed by Clear, Cole and Reisig (2008) in their book American Corrections. This traces the history of corrections programs from their introduction to development in America and how they are implemented today. This text also gives the legal aspects of probation, community corrections and the intermediate sanctions used in justice system in America. Colorado Legislative Council. (2003). An Overview of Community-Based Corrections in Colorado. Web. An overview of the community based corrections practice in the state of Colorado is given by a research publication by the Colorado Legislative Council (2003), Criminal Justice Community Based Corrections Overview 2003. An Overview of Community-Based Corrections in Colorado. This mainly gives a comparison of the correctional supervision across United States.  It continues to discuss in details the probation practice in the state, community correction programs in the state and how parole is carried out and the stakeholders involved. Conly, C. (1999). Coordinating Community Services for the Mentally Ill Offenders  Maryland’s Community Criminal Justice Treatment Program. Web. Conly (1999) in a report, Coordinating Community Services for the Mentally Ill Offenders: Maryland’s Community Criminal Justice Treatment program, produced for the Institute of Justice discusses Maryland state community criminal justice treatment programs in regard to the mentally ill offenders. She discusses in detail how these programs are carried out in the state, the target population and the stakeholders involved and their contribution.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Community Based Corrections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cromwel, P. Carmen, R.V. (1999). Community Based Corrections. Belmont, CA: West Wadsworth. Community based corrections are discussed in detail by Cromwel and Carmen, (1999) in their book Community-Based Corrections Fourth Edition. They discuss the legal foundations and history of probation from early criminal law in Europe and America to what it is today. Issues regarding parole practice and the various methods of community based corrections are discussed such as boot camps and community service. Gibbons, S.G. Rosecrance, J. (2004). Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections  in the United States. Denver, CO:  Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. Rosecrance, a veteran with over twenty years of experience in probation and corrections in the system shares his opinions and experiences with Gibbons (2004) in the book Probation, Parole, and Co mmunity Corrections in the United States. The text discusses the history of probation and parole and their founding champions. It also details the three topics of probation, parole and community corrections giving practical experiences the authors have witnessed. It also gives recommendations for implementation to make the systems more effective. Lurigio, A.J. (ed) (1996). Community Corrections in America: New Directions and  Sounder Investments for Persons with Mental Illness and Co-disorders. Rear, Collingdale, PA: Diane Publishing. Community based corrections in regard to the mentally ill offenders is outlined in a monograph Community Corrections in America: New Directions and Sounder Investments for Persons with mental Illness and Co-disorders by Lurigio (Ed) (1996).. This describes how the punitive measures of the traditional criminal justice system affected the mentally ill and how the community corrections programs are administered in regard to the mentally ill today and th e positive effects this has had. Molly, A. (2003). Community-based Corrections: Seeking Court Support for a  Growing Need. Washington DC: US Judicially. Community based corrections are also discussed by Molly, (2003) in an article titled Community Corrections: Seeking Court Support for a Growing Need. The author gives an overview of the topic and the growing need to adopt this alternative in USA not only due to the growing budget but also to serve the goal of correction better. Finally the author proposes that courts play a big role in facilitating community corrections. Ortmeier, P.J. (1999). Public Safety and Security Administration. Oxford, UK: Butterworth Heinemann. In another discussion by Ortmeier in his book Public Safety and Security Administration, (1999), chapter six, he outlines the correctional process, the philosophies it is based on. He continues to differentiate between institutional corrections and non institutional corrections and how juvenile justice is handled i n regard to community based corrections. Sieh, E.W. (2006). Community Corrections and Human Dignity. Burlington, MA: Jones and Hartlett Publishers. In the book Community Corrections and Human Dignity, Sieh (2006) discusses community based corrections with regard to human dignity. The book also goes into detailed discussion of probation from how it started to how it is implemented today and the risks, needs and responses involved. It also links community corrections with human dignity and the alternatives we should consider for the future. References Alarid, L. F., Cromwell, P. F. Carmen, R.V. (2007). Community-Based Corrections. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Clear, T. R., Cole, G. F. Reisig, M. D. (2008). American Corrections. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Colorado Legislative Council. (2003). An Overview of Community-Based Corrections in Colorado. Web. Conly, C. (1999). Coordinating Community Services for the Mentally Ill Offenders  Maryland’s Community Criminal Justice Treatment Program. Web. Cromwel, P. and Carmen, R. V. (1999). Community Based Corrections. Belmont, CA: West Wadsworth. Gibbons, S. G. Rosecrance, J. (2004). Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections  in the United States. Denver, CO:  Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. Lurigio, A. J. (ed) (1996). Community Corrections in America: New Directions and  Sounder Investments for Persons with Mental Illness and Co-disorders. Rear, Collingdale, PA: Diane Publishing. Molly, A. (2003). Community-based Corrections: Seeking Court Support for a  Growing Need. Washington DC: US Judicially. Ortmeier, P. J. (1999). Public Safety and Security Administration. Oxford, UK: But terworth Heinemann. Sieh, E. W. (2006). Community Corrections and Human Dignity. Burlington, MA: Jones and Hartlett Publishers.

Equity and Cost Methods in Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Equity and Cost Methods in Accounting - Essay Example The cost method, therefore, shows a bigger value for the investment than the equity method. Since dividends under the cost method are a form of revenue, they create taxable income. For example, if the Investee Corporation pays out $1.50 per share in dividends in 2011, Investor Corporation’s income is $12,000. In the 25 percent tax bracket, its tax liability would be $4,000. The equity method affects income greatly and hence has an effect on income taxes. Suppose Investee Corporation records income of $100,000 in 2011. Investor Corporation would record income of $20,000. The tax liability would $5,000. Income is more volatile than the dividend yield hence the equity method is more likely to affect the Investor Corporations tax liability. Since earnings of the investee corporation keep changing from year to year, it would be recommendable that the Investor Corporation should use the fair value method. That would help it avoid reporting the share of the investee’s earnings and losses that it bears. The changes in earnings of the Investee over the years will, therefore, have little effect on the value of the investment over

Satellite Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Satellite Communications - Essay Example This paper seeks to highlight the concept of multi-channel communications satellite systems, the concept of systems operation, the advantages and disadvantages of the system and how to improve performance and reliability of the system in the presence of man-made interference and atmospheric noise. Satellite communication, heavily relies on the use of a spacecraft in orbit around the Earth. The spacecraft is able to receive and re-transmit signals mainly radio signals. The use of satellite systems for communication, have over time undergone evolution. They have been in use for some time now and many changes have been made enabling higher performance of these satellites. Communications satellites are not only able to amplify and route signals but they are also able to sort these signals. Earlier on they used to function like the ground microwave repeaters but as mentioned earlier, these systems have undergone great evolution and now they are quite different from ground microwave repeaters. Whereas ground microwave repeaters relay radio signals between two fixed points, the satellite communication systems are able to interconnect a multiple of locations both fixed and mobile. This is the superiority of these systems over the ground microwave repeaters. As far as evolution of the se systems is concerned, the current functions of both switching and rerouting of signals with the switchboards being onboard and airborne. Communications Satellite Orbits The choice of orbit is very important to the performance of communications satellites. In fact, the height of the satellite which is in a circular orbit determines not only the time of orbit but also the coverage. For instance, a 35,860 km orbital satellite has a corresponding orbital period of about 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds (roughly one day). The orbit of the satellite may coincide with the equatorial plane and this will therefore mean that the satellite will hover in one fixed point in relation to the rotating earth and as such it is said to be geostationary. A geostationary satellite has the capacity of supporting two fifths coverage of the earth's surface and this therefore implies that three geostationary satellites are able to support world coverage. Most of the satellites that support communications (fixed and mobile) are the satellites which are in geosynchronous equatorial orbit (Korhonen, 2003: pp1-7). The geostationary satellites have much capacity for coverage but are not able to cover the high latitude regions. These regions require that other types of satellites are used which are inclined at an angle with respect to the equatorial plane. For instance, the Russians launched a satellite with its orbit inclined at 63.50 in 1965. This satellite was meant for their domestic communications. The Molniya system is the type of this satellite system because it is found in the Molniya orbit and it was launched at 63.50 orbit inclination with respect the equatorial plane with the following specifications: Perigee - 500 km Apogee - 40,000 km Orbital period - 12 hours As far as the above inclination is concerned, there is no rotation of line of the aphides and as such there is reduced orbit correction sand manoeuvres (Takashi et al, 2003: pp168-172). The satellites need

Structural theory and family development applied to a hypothetical Assignment

Structural theory and family development applied to a hypothetical case - Assignment Example The nurse will also work in collaboration with the spiritual leaders to uplift hope in life Ungar (2010). Additionally, the nurse will be instrumental in seeking the assistance of local or government authority that would offer them help, in this case Mrs. Jones. In this particular scenario, family structural and development theory can be of great help. In the case of household development theory, the family as a unit is viewed in biological, social and psychological perspective and development. For the event of the biological needs, the member of the family in needs, will be taken care of more. For the babies in the family, will need more of the care than the teenage. The biological need for the chronically ill patient needs to be more than the healthy one. According Ungar (2010) the social development of the family can be affected by the culture and the society and development. For the nurse taking care of the family need to put the culture and the society in consideration. The psychological development of the family can be compared with individual stage of growth. Since in this scenario the family is mature, and the mother has grandchildren, so the approach needs to be mature. The family structural theory, on the other hand, the persons character is a function of our relations with others. This family behavior will be developed in accordance with relation with others. This family has many relations where the widow is a mother with the chronic illness, the daughter who is the bread winner and the grandchildren. The interrelation of the family needs to be robust to have good behavior in the family. Family education in this scenario is very vital. The information is given on how to live positively and reinforced with knowledge to help this family to have control over and allow them have improved health. This will enable the family to shift the focus from just the behavior

The Reform Movements DBQ

The Reform Movements DBQ American society has been developed over reforms and revolutions. Within the early 19th century to early 20th century, numerous movements took place that helped to shape American society into what it is today. Reforms such as the womens rights movement and the temperance movement were significant as they helped to influence todays society. Both of these reforms had different events that led to the development of the development and each had different outcomes. Alcohol was a severe issue in America in the 19th century. The temperance reform began as the Civil War approached; economic change and urbanization were accompanied by increasing poverty, ordinances were relaxed and alcohol problems increased dramatically. In some places around the country the issue of alcoholism was extreme to the point of social disruption. More than three-fourths of the pauperism (extreme poverty), three-fourths of the crime, and more than half the insanity in the community were created by people under the influence of alcohol (Document 4) In addition, because of these actions, prison, asylums and locations to hang people were created. This soon got out of hand, with the number of alcoholics rising. In order to try and fix this problem, the United States government tried prohibition. It was a national ban on the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol, in place from 1920 to 1933. The Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution mandated the ban. In addition, on November 18, 1918, before the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment, the United States Congress passed the temporary Wartime Prohibition Act. This banned the sale of alcoholic beverages having an alcohol content of greater than 2.75%. Because of this event, the temperance reform was thrown into action, with the prohibition banning the sale and purchasing of alcohol. However, this created more problems. Various images of lawbreaking and local bootleggers were a common thing in everyday society. This generated the conception that a widespread belief that violations were taking place with unacceptable frequency. Furthermore, the weak attempts at trying to regulate bootlegging created an impression that the gover nment was unable to cope with lawbreakers by using traditional methods, which meant that new powers were needed to accomplish (Document 5). Because of this, prohibition soon became ineffective, as the enforcement wasnt enough to cope. To a medium extent, the temperance movement was successful. This is because although people still managed to sell and buy illegalized alcohol, the idea of banning alcohol and the reduction of it was able to get spread. Before the movement, people believed that alcohol was a beneficial thing, but after the prohibition, it was discovered that is a poison (Document 6). This helped the public see the dangers of alcohol and the influence of it on the body. Now, although no longer a severe problem, alcohol is still a social problem ins some parts of the country. In addition to the temperance movement, Women had their own movement. Similar to African-Americans, women had little or no rights in the 1850s. They were treated differently than men and were viewed as a lower rank in society. The womens rights movement began during the 19th century where began to agitate for the right to vote and participate in government and law making. They believed that they perform similar tasks to men; they had to care of the family, clean the house, and watch over family affairs. Yet, they werent able to participate in political issues. In addition, they didnt even have custody of themselves, let alone their children or the house. All of these belonged to the husband, yet it was the woman who took care of all these things (Document 1). Women such as Lucy Stone found this to be unbearable and so she took matters into her own hands. She spoke out for womens rights and against slavery at a time when women were discouraged and prevented from public speaking. Stone was the first recorded American woman to retain her own last name after marriage. She was one of the pioneer activists who sparked the Womens Rights Movement. One of the most famous cases of Womens rights getting recognized was in Seneca Falls. The Seneca Falls Convention was an early and influential womens rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York. The meeting spanned two days and six sessions, and included a lecture on law, a humorous presentation, and multiple discussions about the role of women in society. An accompanying list of resolutions, to be debated and modified, was crafted to get signatures. This document stated that women wanted suffrage, the right to vote. Although not many states were affected by this convention, in places like Colorado, women were given more rights than in other states. The woman ballot helped to give women better wages for equal work; second, it led immediately to a number of laws the women wantedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Document 2). However, the process was still slow. In 1869 the proposed Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave the vote to black men, caused controversy as it did not give the vote to women. The conflict caused two organizations to emerge, the National Woman Suffrage Association, which campaigned for womens suffrage. It wasnt until the Civil Right Act of 1964 was passed until Women got their equal rights as men: voting and equality. To a medium extent, the womens rights movement was successful. It helped many inequalities be identified and resulted in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to be passed. However, even in modern society, women are still often not considered equals. Even though they got suffrage, discrimination and prejudice didnt stop. Women still lacked equal access with men to those professions especially the lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Document 3). In addition, when women ran for political office, they had little or no support from the public. This means that they rarely win, unless they are from a high politically ranked family. In todays society, this has changed quite a bit, but sometimes there are still cases of sexism in offices around the world. Furthermore, women in third-world countries are still mistreated, given little rights, and mishandled by men.

ad assignment warrant :: essays research papers

â€Å"Advertisement Analysis: Warrant† The implicit warrant in this advertisement is that simple and quick products are superior. In our society this statement is becoming increasingly true. We are always looking for the new quicker faster way to do our tasks. New products come out all the time that claim to do tasks faster and it is assumed that they do it at nearly the same quality, but this does not matter as much as the need to get tasks done quickly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Washing and waxing our cars are no exception. Many of us who wash and wax our cars do so on the weekend, because the process is rather time consuming. The process of washing the car is not so much the part that takes a lot of time, but rather the second part of waxing the car. First, the car must be completely dry and moved to a cool shaded spot to start the waxing process. Second, take the buffing applicator and add some liquid wax. Now take the applicator and buff the car in a circler motion making sure that no spot is missed on the car. After this is done the wax needs to dry to a haze, which can take anywhere from 20 minutes to and hour. Once the wax has dried to a haze the wax must now be buffed off with some force. The car should now shine and be almost as smooth as glass.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a few problems that can occur when waxing a car. Since, the wax has to dry on the car one major problem that one might encounter is the wax drying in the grooves of the car. I waxed my car about three months ago and still have white spots of wax in a few of the grooves. Another problem happens when wax gets on the plastic parts of the cars exterior. When this happens those plastic parts have a look like they have faded making the car look has though it is older and not well-taken car of. This look is the opposite of what people who wax their car are looking to achieve. ad assignment warrant :: essays research papers â€Å"Advertisement Analysis: Warrant† The implicit warrant in this advertisement is that simple and quick products are superior. In our society this statement is becoming increasingly true. We are always looking for the new quicker faster way to do our tasks. New products come out all the time that claim to do tasks faster and it is assumed that they do it at nearly the same quality, but this does not matter as much as the need to get tasks done quickly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Washing and waxing our cars are no exception. Many of us who wash and wax our cars do so on the weekend, because the process is rather time consuming. The process of washing the car is not so much the part that takes a lot of time, but rather the second part of waxing the car. First, the car must be completely dry and moved to a cool shaded spot to start the waxing process. Second, take the buffing applicator and add some liquid wax. Now take the applicator and buff the car in a circler motion making sure that no spot is missed on the car. After this is done the wax needs to dry to a haze, which can take anywhere from 20 minutes to and hour. Once the wax has dried to a haze the wax must now be buffed off with some force. The car should now shine and be almost as smooth as glass.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a few problems that can occur when waxing a car. Since, the wax has to dry on the car one major problem that one might encounter is the wax drying in the grooves of the car. I waxed my car about three months ago and still have white spots of wax in a few of the grooves. Another problem happens when wax gets on the plastic parts of the cars exterior. When this happens those plastic parts have a look like they have faded making the car look has though it is older and not well-taken car of. This look is the opposite of what people who wax their car are looking to achieve.

Literary Analysis †Mr Van Gogh Essay

Owen Marshall’s ‘Mr Van Gogh’ addresses the inevitable issue of marginalisation of an individual. Through language features he influences the reader to reflect and consider action of the attitudes towards the socially marginalised. The social rejection of an individual is described through the voice of the town bully, and the cowardly acts of the narrator. Set in a small town in New Zealand it serves as a microcosm of contemporary society. Marshall presents a parable to educate the reader so they understand that there is only inclusion when there is exclusion. Marshall aims to influence the reader to take action and act in ways that challenge the universal social norms. Through the voice of the town bully Marshall presents the issue of Frank’s rejection. Marshall achieves this by emphasising the mockery demonstrated toward Frank. In, ‘†¦ a local turn to entertain the visitors. â€Å"Was he any good though, this Van Gogh bugger? †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, Marshall uses direct speech from Mr Souness to tease Frank about his fondness of Van Gogh. Vincent Van Gogh is Frank’s passion, he admires him like nobody else. The rhetorical question that Souness derides Frank with is appropriate because it shows the reader colloquialism that Souness uses whilst he talks down to Frank. Frank is used as entertainment for the townspeople who sadistically take pleasure by ridiculing Frank’s devotion toward Van Gogh. This arouses guilt in the reader because it relates to the broader social context, showing the truth about society; Marshall uses representative characters to show that society must have â€Å"outcasts†. The reader realises that you can either be part of society or have individuality. The isolation of Frank is further evident in, ‘†¦ old bugger is holding up the democratic wishes of the town’, this shows the parallel relationship between Van Gogh and Frank through Marshall creating repetition in diction through the repetition of, ‘bugger’. Marshall used an extended metaphor, which further developed the character of Frank by relating him to Van Gogh, who was also marginalised. Ironically by calling Frank, ‘Mr Van Gogh’, the community are isolating him, destining him to follow Van Gogh’s fate – a misjudged genius dying alone, unrecognised in his ifetime for his work. The exclusion that Marshall created through the voice of the town bully is additionally seen through the acts of the bystanders in the community. The marginalisation of Frank is reflected through the cowardly acts of the narrator. The townspeople have no interest in standing up for Frank; he stands up for himself. In, ‘Mr Van Gogh was stand ing before the laughter with his arms outstretched like a cross’, the simile accentuates to the reader that Frank is derided, the town bully and his accompanies laugh at the fight he reluctantly devotes himself to. The Biblical allusion emphasises the use of the simile by connecting Frank to Jesus; this shows that Frank and Jesus have a parallel relationship – Frank is being used as a sacrifice for the entertainment of the townspeople, sacrificing himself by standing up for his hero, Van Gogh. The community proceeds to be spectators even if they believe the ridiculing is wrong; they convince themselves that the discrimination is not their business, highlighted in, ‘I went away from the fence without watching anymore’. Pontius Pilate walked away, ‘washed his hands’ of responsibility of Jesus’s crucifixion; the narrator relates because he sees Frank being used as a human sacrifice, yet he turns his back and walks away – not wanting to be part of the taunting acts, and too fearful for his own self worth if he stood up for Frank. Marshall elaborates to the reader the unwillingness to risk ourselves for others is human behaviour; such as following in the role of others. The community mirrors Souness; whereas Frank chooses to create his own path. By destroying Frank’s house Marshall symbolises the destruction of Frank’s individuality. Marshall shows the community is unconsciously making efforts to destroy any forms of individuality. In, ‘It rose like a phoenix in its own flames, and he wasn’t part of it anymore†¦ the colour, and purpose, and vision of Mr Van Gogh had gone out of himself and was there on the walls about us†, the listing of abstract nouns accentuates to the reader creating a link between Frank and Van Gogh – they both dedicated their lives to their passion. The relation to the mythical creature, phoenix, certify the resurrection of Frank; his soul is carried through his work, his house. This Classical allusion is used to demonstrate to the reader the symbolic aspects of the house, such as Frank’s originality. The simile in, ‘the house collapsed like an old elephant in the drought surrounded by so many enemies’, compares the townsfolk to scavengers – they are seen as cowards, only attacking when their prey seems weak. Marshall uses this because elephants symbolise sensitivity; the relation to an ‘elephant in drought’ underlines the vulnerability of the house whilst Frank is not present to protect his individuality. The author positions the reader to feel sympathy and horror about the destruction of the house, and evokes the sense of powerlessness within the reader because the majority overwhelms the individual. Marshall portrays to the reader that group mentality of the majority attempts to overwhelm individuality. Due to the concept of binary construction, society is predicated on inclusion and exclusion; in order to achieve a sense of community, marginalisation is inevitable and universal. Marshall’s short story makes the reader reflect about the hypocritical ways in which society works. There will always be Van Gogh as long as there are those who express their individuality; there will always be forms of exclusion through inclusion. In, ‘†¦ Souness kept laughing, †¦ rubbed his knuckles into his left eye because of the dust’, the Biblical allusion refers to the Book of Luke through, ‘dust’, emphasising the message, ‘Why point at the speck in your brother’s eye, when there is a plank in your own? First remove the plank from your own eye†¦ ’. Hypocrisy is shown by the townspeople judging others on their personal values, when they themselves have them. Marshall has caused the reader to realise the hypocrisy in their lives, the reader follows in majorities’ lead of society. Marshall causes the reader consider action by changing the ways they think about social marginalisation. It is important for young people to read this story to raise awareness of the reality of society; the social marginalisation in the story is an example of what happens in reality. People are laughed at for being different, however, they should be laughing because society is all the same.

Learn ESL Through Movement

Learn ESL Through Movement If youve tried, and struggled, to learn English as a second language (ESL) the usual ways, its time to try it Dr. James Ashers way- through movement. With a student seated on each side of him, Asher demonstrates his technique by asking them to do what he does. Thats all. They dont repeat what he says, they just do what he does. Stand,  he says, and he stands. They stand. Walk, Asher says, and he walks. They walk. Turn. Sit. Point. Within minutes, he gives commands as complicated as, Walk to the chair and point at the table, and his students can do it by themselves. Heres the clincher. In his DVD, he demonstrates in Arabic, a language nobody in the room knows. In study after study, Asher has found that students of all ages can learn a new language quickly and stress-free in just 10-20 hours of silence. Students simply listen to a direction in the new language and do what the instructor does. Asher says, After understanding a huge chunk of the target language with TPR, students spontaneously begin to speak. At this point, students reverse roles with the instructor and utter directions to move their classmates and the instructor. Voila. Asher is the originator of the Total Physical Response approach to learning any language. His book, Learning Another Language Through Actions, is in its sixth edition. In it, Asher describes how he discovered the power of learning languages through physical movement, and the lengths to which he went to prove the technique through scientific experimentation involving the differences between the right and left brain. Ashers studies have proven that while the left brain puts up a fight against the memorization of new languages that occurs in so many classrooms, the right brain is completely open to responding to new commands, immediately. He is adamant about the need to comprehend a new language silently, by simply responding to it, before attempting to speak it, much like a new child imitates his or her parents before beginning to make sounds. While the book is on the academic side, and a little dry, it includes Ashers fascinating research, a lengthy and comprehensive QA that covers questions from both teachers and students, a directory of TPR presenters around the world, comparisons to other techniques, and get this, 53 lesson plans. Thats right- 53! He walks you through how to teach TPR in 53 specific sessions. Can learning take place if the students remain in their seats? Yes. Sky Oaks Productions, publisher of Ashers work, sells wonderful full-color kits of different settings such as home, airport, hospital, supermarket, and playground. Think Colorforms. Remember the pliable plastic forms that stick on a board and easily peel off to move? Responding to imperatives with these kits has the same result as physically moving. Asher also shares samples of mail he has received from people around the world. One of his letters is from Jim Baird, who writes that his classroom has wall-to-wall white boards on which he has created communities and complete countries. Baird writes: Students are required to drive, walk (with their fingers), fly, hop, run, etc. between buildings or cities, pick up things or people and deliver them to other places. They can fly into an airport and rent a car and drive it to another city where they can catch a flight or a boat, all kinds of possibilities. Sure is fun! Asher is generous with the materials and information he provides on his Sky Oaks Productions website, known as TPR World. He is clearly passionate about his work, and its easy to see why.

International Monetary Fund Essays - Foreign Exchange Market

International Monetary Fund Essays - Foreign Exchange Market International Monetary Fund -International Monetary Fund- Addressing Fundamental Economic Goals On an International Level The International Monetary Fund is an important function that makes world trade less strenuous. The International Monetary Fund, or IMF as it is called, provides support and supervision to nations in all stages of economic progress. International trade is a key element to enable nations, large and small, to strengthen their economic positions. Larger nations need the international market to export their goods and services, and smaller nations also need this world scale market to import products so they are able to produce more efficiently. In order to achieve these goals, one major component must be in place. The ability to value other nation's currency. Throughout the years, many different ways have been used to do this, mostly ending in failure. There is no perfect way to accurately measure the true value of another country's currency. The International Monetary Fund is an effort to see each country's economic position, offer suggestions, and provide the fundamental economic securi ty that is essential to a thriving (world) economy. Many of the domestic economic goals are reiterated by the INF on an international level. To understand the current INF we will investigate the events leading up to its existence. Between 1879 and 1934 major nations used a method of international exchange known as the Gold Standard. The Gold Standard was simply a fixed-rate system. The rate was fixed to gold. In order for this system to function properly three things had to happen. First, each nation had to define its currency to gold (this definition then could not change). Second, each nation must than maintain a fixed relationship to its supply of money and its amount of actual gold. Third, the on-hand gold must be allowed to be exchanged freely between any nations throughout the world. With all of those policies successfully in place, the exchange rates of the participating countries would then be fixed to gold, therefore to each other. To successfully maintain this relationship some adjustments had to be made from time to time. For example, two countries A and B are doing international business together and A buys mo re of B's products than B buys of A's. Now B doesn't have enough of A's currency to pay for the excess products purchased. B now has what's called a balance of payment deficit. In order to correct for this deficit the following must occur; Actual gold must now be transferred to A from B. This transfer does two things. First, it reduces B's money supply (a fixed ratio must be maintain between the actual amount of gold, and the supply of money) hence lowering B's spending, aggregate income, and aggregate employment, ultimately reducing the demand for A's products. Second, A's money supply is now increased, raising A's spending, aggregate income, and aggregate employment, ultimately raising the demand for B's products. These two events happen simultaneously stabilizing the exchange rate back to its equilibrium. The Gold Standard served the world's economy very well until one unfortunate event happened. The Great (worldwide) Depression of the 1930's presented the world with a new set of problems to be dealt with, not only domestically, but throughout the entire world. The situation was bad, so bad that nations would do anything to dig themselves out of economic disaster. Nations now would break the biggest rule of the Gold Standard. Nations started to redefine the value of there currency to gold. This act of devaluation, as it was called, disrupted the entire world's perception of the relationship of each country's currencies to there own. Bartering systems were tried, however, eventually the Gold Standard failed. After The Depression international trading was crippled. A new method of international currency exchange had to be developed. Many ideas were listened to, but not until 1944 would a new entirely accepted method be adopted. During this year in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire a modified adjustable-peg system was formed, in addition to this new innovative system, the International Monetary Fund was formed. For many years the Bretton Woods adjustable-peg system worked well. This system became more and more dependent of the United States currency's value. Since from the inception of the IMF in 1946 the

Managerial Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Decision Making - Essay Example Retribution: The first R is by far the most detrimental; the managerial application of retribution is little more than threatening. Managers in some situations resort to direct threats of punishment to create coercion. They may also utilize indirect threat’s to create an implied rather than stated punishment or coercion; this is a common form of intimidation. The major pros to utilizing retribution are the immediate effect and delivery of the manager’s task as specified. On the Con side retribution almost always creates resistance, resentment, & alienation. It also within the organization stifles innovation. Effective managers should very rarely resort to retribution as a tool; it should be reserved for crisis situations where direct action is required. Reciprocity: By definition reciprocity is nothing more than compliance by satisfying the needs of both parties. Reciprocity allows the manager to get results without creating resentment. The major pros revolve around mutual benefit. This enables the manager to achieve objectives without having to bargain or justify the objective with the employee. The Cons are the very basic prerequisite of trust and the inevitable negotiation process with the employee. From the stand point of the organization reciprocity undercuts group commitment. From the management standpoint it takes time to initialize and cannot be used effectively in a crisis situation. Reason: Reason creates a rational articulation of the management concept; subordinates recognize the value of the plan and are more supportive and positive about the manager’s task. The pros are seen as a higher group compliance and greater commitment to team principle. While reason is the most positive management tool it takes the longest period to initialize and requires the cohesion of a unified group trust and belief in the individual manager. Superiors usually rate managers that utilize reason as highly effective. Unfortunately,

Community health nursing clinical experiences Coursework

Community health nursing clinical experiences - Coursework Example In particular, the paper examines reflection of the specific clinical experiences, conversations, perceptions and new understanding. Objective I: Demonstrates caring nursing behaviors and safe, competent skills in community health settings for individuals, families, groups, and whole communities (all defined as â€Å"client†) across the health-illness continuum A critical analysis of the clinical experiences in community health reveals that nurses working in this particular area of care must demonstrate awareness of and respect to patient differences, preferences, values and uniquely expressed needs. In practice, I learnt that a professional caregiver meets patients from diverse backgrounds. I learnt that application of sensitivity to these issues could help one improve patient and treatment outcomes. For instance, in my encounter, I met patients from diverse cultural background. One patient stated, â€Å"†¦I have to fast, this requires Godly intervention’. This comment revealed how cultural barriers, especially those related to religious beliefs could affect care giving. My experience in the community nursing practice provided insights about the issue of privacy protection among other important issues concerned with confidentiality. I learnt that professional care givers working in community programs must demonstrate very high competence in addressing privacy issues. For instance, one patient with terminal disease appeared to withhold vital information about the clinical history of the disease. Upon further investigation, I established that she was uncomfortable if such details reached her husband. I convinced her about the confidentiality requirements and advised accordingly. This experience raised my awareness about legal and ethical issues of privacy and confidentiality of patient records. One of the most striking issues in the community