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Overview of Ancient Greece Essay

Athens, Sparta, Alexander, the Parthenon and other old remains are clear tokens of Greece’s nearly blessed past. Greece is an uneven land encircled by more than 1000 islands and totally hovered by the Mediterranean Sea. The main ranchers settled there in around 7000 BC because of the perfect climate of sweltering dry summers and downpour just in winter and before long formed into little free networks cut off from one another by the mountains and frequently going after the best land, in light of the fact that the rich soil was hard to come by. These little networks later formed into the city-states and each had a resilient individual personality, albeit next to no is thought about these early pioneers. The Bronze Age is viewed as the main verifiable period, and it was inside this period that the early composing frameworks were created. During the Bronze Age there were two extraordinary civilisations-the Minoans and Mycenaeans. The Bronze Age saw significant social, monetary, and innovative advances that made Greece the primary focus of action in the Mediterranean; it was described by its fast development of populace and improvement of exchange. It was in the Bronze Age that metals were first utilized. The Minoan human progress was the main extraordinary civilisation of the Aegean world; it rose around 3200 BC on the island of Crete. The rich Cretan soil delivered oil, grain and wine in plenitude. The Minoan’s were not Greek and may have initially originated from western Asia as ahead of schedule as 6000 BC. The development developed rich through exchange with nations, for example, Egypt, Asia Minor and the Levant. The Minoans were talented specialists and skilled workers, making lovely articles, their engineering coming to approach flawlessness. The Minoans likewise administered the other Aegean Islands and different urban communities on the territory. New structures continually supplanted the cavern abodes of the past age. The incomparable Minoan armada governed the Mediterranean, giving riches to the island from exchange and business just as giving security from any trespassers. They were serene individuals with an adoration forever and fairness among people. A significant quake hit Crete around 1450 BC, causing enormous scope annihilation of the royal residences; however the castles were modified soon a while later and the Minoan development kept on thriving. Not every person was as fortunate as others to live in the royal residences yet whoever didn’t, at that point lived in little farmhouses. Another fiasco hit Crete around 1450 BC, making huge scope obliteration the royal residences and settlements and bringing about the inevitable downfall of the incredible human advancement. The Mycenaean human progress prospered on terrain Greece from around 1600 BC. It was a warlike society and weapons and covering have been found in their graves. Mycenae, city of Agamemnon, was one of a few intensely sustained fortifications. They are likewise referred to for being incredible merchants as they cruised far and wide. They exchanged with Egypt, Asia Minor, Italy and Cyprus. The Mycenaeans were exceptionally rich and archeologists have revealed numerous items in gold, silver and ivory from their towns. Their composing framework called ‘Linear B’ was adjusted from a Minoan content. In contrast to the Minoans, the Mycenaeans communicated in Greek. Around 1250 BC the Mycenaeans began to manufacture immense cautious dividers around the significant towns since they were under danger from outside trespassers. By 1200 BC the urban areas started to be relinquished or devastated. 1100-700BC, after the breakdown of the Mycenaean human progress, Greece was dove into a Dark Age. The rich Mycenaean towns and castles fell into decay or were crushed, composing was not, at this point utilized and exchange with different nations diminished drastically. Albeit almost no is thought about this period it is thought the number of inhabitants in Greece turned out to be a lot littler with individuals living in less and littler settlements perhaps because of starvation and the termination. The Archaic Period was a period of incredible change in Greece from 700 - 480 BC. Numerous urban communities like Athens, Corinth, Argos and Sparta, developed rich and incredible. Incredible sanctuaries to the divine beings were worked in numerous spots around Greece. The urban areas grew better approaches to administer themselves. Numerous urban areas were governed by lords or rich families. Others were governed by a little gathering of individuals called a theocracy. Toward the finish of the sixth century BC, Athens built up a framework in which a significant number of its residents assisted with settling on the guidelines and choices. This sort of government was called vote based system. Sparta attacked the neighboring place where there is Messenia and constrained the vast majority of its occupants into bondage. To ensure they could control such countless slaves, Sparta turned into a military society. People were relied upon to be fit and solid. The men were illegal to have employments or exchange since they were full-time fighters. A significant number of the Greek urban communities consolidated when confronted with a shared adversary. Toward the start of the fifth Century BC Greece was attacked twice by the Persians and even idea the Greeks were dwarfed they were as yet ready to drive the trespassers from their territory. From 323-31 BC, the Hellenistic Period was the time from the demise of Alexander the Great to the start of the Roman Empire. The Greek world was currently ruled by enormous realms controlled by lines as opposed to singular city states. This was when Greek impact spread all through a lot of the world. The nations that Alexander had vanquished embraced the Greek language, religion and styles of craftsmanship regularly blending them in with neighborhood conventions. Greek towns with gymnasia, sanctuaries and theaters were worked in all pieces of the domain, even as distant as Afghanistan. The word governmental issues originate from the Greek word ‘polis’, which means city-state or network. Greece was an assortment of somewhere in the range of 1500 separate networks dissipated round the Mediterranean. Those urban communities that were not majority rules systems were either governments †where influence was in the hands of the couple of most extravagant residents or governments, called ‘tyrannies’ in situations where the sole ruler had total force forcibly as opposed to legacy. Of the majority rules systems, the most established, the most steady, the most enduring, yet in addition the most radical, was Athens. Athens was the principal city to create popular government. Popular government implying that all the residents had a state in how a state or city is represented. In Athens the individuals, who procured force and opportunity, drove out the dictators. All choice is Athens must be decided in favor of by most of the individuals. The gathering was the primary discussion of political life. In any event 6000 individuals must be available for a gathering to happen. The get together settled on significant choices, for instance, regardless of whether to proclaim war. In the midst of war, choices were made about the protection of the city by a gathering of ten military commandants called ‘strategoi’. These were chosen every year and could be reappointed commonly. Be that as it may, not every person in Athens was permitted to partake in the vote based system. Just male residents reserved the option to cast a ballot. This implied ladies and youngsters couldn't participate in the legislature. An Ancient Greek fighter was known as a Hoplite. He needed to give his own weapons and defensive layer. A hoplite’s weapons and shield were exceptionally straightforward and left huge territories of the body unprotected, yet functioned admirably when he battled in a phalanx. The hoplite’s defensive layer comprised of; a bronze head protector with long nose gatekeeper and cheek watches, bronze cuirass (breastplate) intended to secure the top piece of the body, huge shield to ensure the body and bronze greaves (leg monitors) to ensure the lower some portion of the legs. A hoplite’s weapons were a long lance and short blade. The old Greeks accepted that there were an incredible number of god’s and goddesses. They accepted that all the divine beings were relatives of Gaia (the earth) and Uranos (the sky). These divine beings had command over a wide range of things on earth. From numerous points of view the Greek divine beings were exceptionally human. They could be thoughtful or mean, irate or lovely, pitiless or cherishing. They began to look all starry eyed at one another, contended with one another, contended with one another and even took from one another! The old Greeks manufactured incredible sanctuaries and havens to their divine beings. They held celebrations in their respect, with parades, sports, penances and rivalries. Religion had an enormous influence in the lives of standard individuals. Admirers accepted that the divine beings would treat them well and address their issues in the event that they offered the products of the gather and creature penances. Accounts of the god’s lives were advised to kids by their moms and to huge crowds by proficient narrators. One key individual of Greece was Alexander the Great. A mind-blowing account sounded increasingly like that of a Greek legend. He was an incredible military pioneer and valiant. Many idea he was a relative of Hercules and another legend asserted he was the child of Zeus. His steadfast armed force would tail him anyplace and he won the regard of the individuals he won. He kicked the bucket matured 33 a huge number of miles from home in Macedon with a huge realm. Another individual was Homer. He was a narrator and an artist who lived at some point in the eighth century BC. He was extraordinarily respected and made two of the most well known and suffering stories at any point told, The Iliad and the Odyssey. Homer’s tales about Mycenae are still told today and reflect genuine occurrences of war, fights and attacks. Dramatization and theater were Greek developments. They held incredible celebrations where plays were performed. Toward the finish of the celebration they would pick one of the plays as the champ. The two fundamental kinds of play performed were disaster and parody. Catastrophes managed awful occasions like war or murder. Regularly they reproduced well known Greek fantasies and legends. A parody made jokes about recent developments and individuals. A huge number of individuals would go to these celebrations which were devoted to the god Dionysus.

How to Find and Hire the Right Tax Advisor for your Business

How to Find and Hire the Right Tax Advisor for your Business © Shutterstock.com | Andrey_PopovIn this article, you will learn 1) why it is important to have a good tax advisor for your business, 2) define your companys needs, 3) a step-by-step process for hiring the right tax advisor, and 4) conclusion.WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE A GOOD TAX ADVISOR FOR YOUR BUSINESS?A good tax advisor is someone who can not only do the taxes for your business but can advise you on the structuring of your business. Selecting the right tax advisor is critical. There are different types of tax advisors, and it does matter who you choose to help you. When selecting a tax advisor you need to know the difference between a CPA, a CMA, an EA, and a tax attorney, and what each can do for you and your business. You need to ask questions, not only of the person you are getting ready to hire, but of others in similar types of businesses to find out who they recommend for tax advice.The Internal Revenue Service Tax Code changes, and even a small business can lose money or make filing mistakes. Since small business owners have enough on their plates taking care of their own clients, customers, and products, it makes good sense to turn over taxes and associated items to someone who knows the law and can keep you out of trouble. Face it; we dont know what we dont know. Those working in the tax business go to continuing education courses, receive updates, and are interested in tax advising.DEFINE YOUR COMPANYS NEEDSAssess the areas of work for a tax advisor.Some business owners only need help with their taxes. Other business owners need advice on setting up their business entity, keeping their books, figuring payroll taxes, and potentially representing them if tax mistakes have been made along the way.There are many ways a tax advisor can assist you and your business. Many small businesses need someone to take care of their taxes. At tax time, the business owner makes an appointment and comes in with income and expenses and, much like getting your perso nal taxes done, someone takes the papers and makes tax sense out of them.You may need help tax planning for your business, which means working closer with a tax professional rather than a once a year drop off or transmitting income and expenses. There are other needs as well. You might want someone who is an accountant, a tax attorney, or an enrolled agent (EA). Each provides a service that is very different from the other.Assess the amount of work and the frequency for a tax advisor.When deciding who you want to hire and what role they will fulfill for your business taxes, you also need to decide how much work you have for that person. Initially, you might be the person who is using QuickBooks, Quicken, or other small business software to track your income and expenses. If you find yourself doing more and more in the tax realm rather than taking care of the customers or clients, then you might want to consider hiring an accountant. You need to decide if it is better to hire an acco unting firm or hire someone like an inside accountant. For most small businesses, it is better to have a trustworthy individual or accounting firm that can give advice and take care of taxes and tax issues. However, as the business grows and a considerable amount of tax planning needs to take place, it might be the right time to consider an inside accountant solely dedicated to your business.Understand what you need.The most important part of securing an accountant is knowing what you and your business need. However, you might not know exactly what you need. Kelly Phillips, a tax attorney who writes for Forbes, admittedly does not do her own taxes. Her point in sharing that information is to stress there is a difference between the skills of a tax attorney and a CPA. Getting the right help might be a process of discovery.One way of getting the type of assistance you need for your business is to ask other small businesses what types of services they use. Another method is to intervie w a variety of tax professionals to see what type of services and help they can provide, how they charge, and if they are seasonal or year round.A STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS FOR FINDING HIRING THE RIGHT TAX ADVISORBy asking other businesses about the same size as yours, you might get some information about tax advisors who are local, friendly, helpful, and some pricing information. However, dont stop there. Asking around is a good first move, but there is so much more to a business than meets the eye; its taxes, assets, employees, goods and services. Unless you ask a business that does exactly what you do and do it in the same way, there could be major differences in the tax consequences.Step 1: Choosing WellThe terminology can be confusing. There is a difference between what a CPA (Certified Public Accountant) can do for your business and an EA (Enrolled Agent). It is important to know the difference in order to make an informed decision before you hire.CPA Versus EAA CPA is often thoug ht of as someone who can do the taxes for a business. However, their services are much broader and include tax planning, auditing services, setting up controls to guard against financial fraud, measuring the performance of the business, compensation plan evaluations, and even disaster recovery planning. The CPA can also help you determine if it is fiscally feasible to purchase a business or sell a business. CPAs provide much more extensive services than just preparing taxes.An EA is an Enrolled Agent. To qualify as an EA, the person must pass a three-part examination or have been a former IRS employee. Like CPAs, EAs can represent those they want. They also have to take continuing education each year to keep their licenses. Unlike CPAs, EAs do not give a wide breadth of advice about your business, but instead focus narrowly on your tax preparation and tax resolution (if needed).Recommendations from Other B2BWord of mouth is a powerful tool when looking for services. Ask other busine sses if they use a CPA or an EA and what their experiences have been. Often you will find other business owners forthcoming with tax advice, who to call, and what they believe you need. If making a cold call to ask another business about taxes gives you a chill, use your network. Post on forums that target your specific type of business. Other business owners might be more forthcoming when you are not face to face. Attend networking events for businesses like Chamber of Commerce coffees and outings, business expos, and trade shows, and seek conversations regarding taxes there.Getting the Advice on Your Business EntityA CPA can assist you prior to setting up your business by advising you on the tax consequences of different entities since there are many from which to choose. The easiest business entity to start is a sole proprietorship where there is one person who is responsible for all the decisions. The sole proprietor is liable for all business expenses, and their personal assets are at stake. Any mistakes will be the responsibility of the one owner.The CPA can also help you determine if your interests will be better protected in a partnership, Limited Liability Partnership (LLP), C Corporation, S Corporation, or even a Limited Liability Corporation (LLC). It is important for the business and the individual(s) involved that they set up their business correctly. This is especially true if the business wants investors, funders, governmental contracts, or grants. A CPA can help those involved in selecting the best choice.Step 2: External Versus Internal Tax AdvisorAs a business owner, another option is whether you need or want someone external or internal to your business to advise you regarding your tax liability.Duties of an External Tax AdvisorAn external tax advisor or accounting firm can offer you help in preparing your taxes. An external tax advisor can also help with preparing financial statements and financial problem solving. While an external account ant might be pricey, he/she is worth the money since they can provide a professional look at your business finances. If you hire well, the external accountant will save the company money over time.Duties of an Internal Tax AdvisorWhen a business grows in revenue and transactions, it becomes more complicated for an external accountant to take a look at the books, so it is time to hire someone for an internal position. An in-house accountant can set up the entire flow of financial operations and manage payroll, cash flow, daily transactions, bank reconciliations and many other financial aspects of the business over and above taxes. A plus of having an internal accountant is having that accessibility without additional fees.Best Time for External Versus Internal Tax AdvisorAs a business owner, the question arises, when is it the best time to hire an external or internal tax advisor or accountant. There are several considerations, the first of which is the size of the business. If the b usiness is small and you or someone is able to manage the bookkeeping with small business software on a daily basis and you only need tax preparation, then external is a good choice.If there are transactions, purchases, or tax planning issues that could benefit from a closer review, then an outside accountant or accounting firm is warranted. It is possible that as you grow your business your tax preparer will mention that you need an accountant more frequently than the once a year tax filing.If you find your business is growing rapidly or has grown to a large volume, you may want to seek an internal accountant. Here is where you have to weigh the cost of a full-time salary versus the benefits you are likely to receive having daily financial advice. Look at what you need first. Do you need a bookkeeper or an accountant?Step 3: Questions to Ask Prior to HiringOccasionally when individuals, even business owners, hire a professional, they seem intimidated. You are hiring this person or firm and spending your money, so you need to ask questions to make sure you are getting what you expect. The letters behind the name might be daunting, so ask what they mean and where they come from if you do not already know.Education, Continuing Education and CertificatesA CPA has a four-year degree. Then he/she sits for a CPA certification examination for their state. After they are certified, they must continue to take courses in their field in continuing education so they can remain certified and licensed. Within the CPA field, there are additional specialties. Inc.com noted that some CPAs have Personal Financial Specialist (PFS) designations or are accredited in Business Valuation (ABV) or are classified as Certified Valuation Analysts (CVA).If you are hiring someone internally, your business might benefit from someone who is a Certified Management Accountant (CMA). A CMA is an accountant who has management experience. This accountant can work with numbers and be on the manage ment team of the organization.Cost Hourly or Flat FeeIf you are hiring externally, ask if you are hiring one person in the firm or if they will be delegating your work to someone else. Your business information may not be handled there at all if they use freelancers or independent contractors. These questions will help you determine if you are willing to pay for the service they are offering. Ask about their costs. Some firms and individuals charge by the hour while others charge a flat fee. If there seems to be some hesitation on the part of the accountant, offer to show them your last years tax return. The accountant should be able to gauge the firms fees from the complexity of your return.Industry ExpertiseWhen you are looking for an accountant, ask if he/she has worked with any business that is similar to yours. Do they have any experience in your industry or business? Find out how long they have been an accountant. It is also notable to ask the other types of business and indu stries they have worked with in preparing taxes or giving advice. Make sure you let the person know you are not asking them to disclose business names or data.Availability Is It You or Do You Outsource?Ask when the accountant is available to you. Will this be a tax time relationship or will they be open all year to answer questions for you? Outsourcing may make a difference to you if you are someone who likes to ask questions about the return or other documents. If the accountant outsourced the job, you will not be talking to the person who prepared the documents.Explaining Numbers or Mere Filing HelpA good accountant is someone who will take the time to tell the business owner what the numbers mean. Yes, the business owner can read the numbers, but interpretation of those numbers is a function an accountant can expertly provide. The accountant can make recommendations about the health of the business.ComplexityWhen selecting an accountant, make sure that person can handle the comp lexities of your business. If you are offering stock options, then you want to make sure your accountant has worked with companies that have also offered stock options. Ask for someone with seniority in the firm. Individuals who have seniority in an accounting firm have had more complex cases to work on and will be better equipped to handle your issues.Years of ExperienceYears of experience go along with seniority. You want to make sure you hire an tax accountant who has at least five years of experience. Any less and they might not have worked with enough clients to give good long-range advice. Individuals who work in a larger accounting firm may have been exposed to a wider variety of tax issues, even if those were not their direct clients. If hiring an individual, ask about their years of experience also.Step 4: Choosing the Tax Advisor and ChemistryAsk Friends and Colleagues for RecommendationsInitially, you can start your search online for the names, addresses, phone numbers, a nd types of tax accountants near you. However, prior to contacting, ask others for their recommendations. If you know you do not need a CPA, but someone to do simple business or personal taxes for a sole proprietorship, friends and family members can be of assistance. Often they can give you information about the service, price and outcome of working with the person you are asking.Hiring Someone with Whom You Can Work WellYou are paying for a service: make sure you are comfortable with the accountant you hire. You should have a good relationship and be able to establish trust with the one you are hiring to do your financials for you and your business.Bigger Isnt Always BetterHiring a large firm to do your accounting might seem like a good idea since you will have multiple people with a vast amount of knowledge and experience. While this is true, if you are a small business, or one that does not have complicated tax and accounting issues, you might be paying for services you do not n eed and will not use. If you do your homework and select the right firm or individual, then you can save your business money both in fees and tax consequences.Use Your GutIf the accountant you are meeting with makes you feel inferior or stupid, then the relationship is off to a bad start. Make sure the accountant is willing to discuss how often you need to meet or exchange information. Establish how you will communicate. Also, ask if you will deal with him/her directly or if there will be a staff person involved in your services. If so, ask to meet that person. You will want to establish a relationship with them as well.At the conclusion of your first meeting, trust your gut. If you felt concerned, alarmed, or inferior, then you may need to hire someone else. You do not want to hire someone hoping the communication will improve. If the firm seems too busy to assist you, then they are, so look elsewhere.Sharing the Same Tax Philosophy (Write Off More or Be Conservative)When you are s electing your tax professional, make sure they share your tax philosophy. If you want to deduct all you can, but your accountant is talking about the potential of IRS audits you might not share the same philosophy. On the other hand, there might be areas to compromise; see if your accountant is willing to entertain those. If you are concerned about an IRS audit, but your accountant keeps pushing you to maximize your deductions, you may be at odds. The bottom line is that you have to be comfortable with the tax philosophy and accountant you are using.True AvailabilitySome accountants are available all year to assist their clients with advice and questions. Others are difficult to locate after tax time. You need to find someone who will fill your needs. If you are looking to expand your business in the next year, you might want someone who is more available. Another form of availability is when you call with a question or need something from them or their office. How quickly does your accountant return your calls, emails or find information for you?CONCLUSIONChoosing the right tax professional looks like a daunting task. It is important to choose carefully. Ask others who they use and their level of satisfaction. Meet different individuals who handle business taxes, CPAs, CMAs, tax attorneys, and EAs. Determine the type of service you need and how often you will need help. If you are a small business, then an external accountant can help, but if you are a larger business or a rapidly growing business, you might want to consider hiring an internal accountant.Whatever you do, do your research. Preparation prior to hiring can help you secure someone who can save you and your business money over the course of your relationship.

Historic Place of the Slaughters - 676 Words

In the 1560s the ownership of the Florida Peninsula was hotly contested. The French had preemptively built a small fort, Fort Caroline, near what would become Jacksonville, Florida. In 1565 the Spanish marched from St. Augustine and took this small fort, slaughtering some 200 people. Then, they chased down the remaining French Huguenots near a small inlet. Believing that his men would be well treated, the leader surrendered to the Spanish. The Spanish slaughtered them to the last man in an act that horrified the people of the age. Thus this beautiful location became known as Matanzas or Place of the Slaughters. Fort Matanzas was finished by the Spanish in 1742. It was meant to guard Matanzas Inlet, the southern end of Matanzas River. The Spanish were worried the river would serve as a back door to the city of St. Augustine. They built it of coquina shellstone, naturally abundant in the area. The fort is a smaller square style with walls 50 foot long on each side and a 30 foot tall high tower. On the right hand wall of the fort a small tower overhangs the wall. This was where the sentries were posted. The fort was armed with five cannon aimed at the inlet and manned by one officer, four infantrymen and two gunners. The fort was only involved in one skirmish in which it successfully drove off a British fleet. By 1821, the fort was unlivable. Restorations began in 1916. By 1924 the fort was stabilized and it was given National Monument status. The National Park ServiceShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Horse Slaughter1656 Words   |  7 Pagesthan a tool. This is quite possibly why the topic of horse slaughter has been such a taboo in today’s culture. While in many countries around the world horsemeat is considered a type of delicacy, to most American’s the idea of eating these exquisite creatures is hard to stomach. 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The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant - 898 Words

It is the material world that has created Madame Loisel and it is the material world that destroys her. Her desire for expensive objects and the circles where they are found generated by the capitalistic system she lives in rather than by any character flaw, lead her to make a foolish request of a friend. When she loses the diamond necklace, she too is lost. Her relationship with her friend, as well as any hope for a return to the glittering world of the reception, is shattered. She is destroyed not by spiritual failure but by an economic system that has created a superstructure that will not allow her a better life. She is trapped by material circumstances, and the final revelation about the false jewels deepens her sense of alienation and powerlessness. In Guy de Maupassants short story The Necklace, we are given a clear picture of a society that has unequally distributed its goods or even the means to achieve them. Madame Loisel has no commodity or skills to sell, only her youth and beauty to be used to attract a husband. Without access to those circles where she can find a man with wealth and charm, she is doomed to stay in a powerless situation with no way to approach the elegant lifestyle that she desires. The material circumstances of her society have relegated her to a dreary existence from which she can find no exit. Her husband is so conditioned to accept the situation that he does not understand her hunger to be a part of a more glamorous and elegant world.Show MoreRelatedThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant863 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story â€Å"The Necklace† written by Guy De Maupassant, tells the story of a married couple who live an average lifestyle together in France—when one day everything in their lives changes due to a simple decision. The author aims to show the reader the power of decision making when faced to decide between needs, wants, honesty and untruthfulness and how every decision we choose to make affect our lives in ways we never thought possible. In the first few lines of the story, the narrator introducesRead MoreThe Necklace by Guy de Maupassant1034 Words   |  5 Pagesregret which Guy de Maupassant depicts throughout â€Å"The Necklace.† Guy de Maupassant, a French writer, born in 1850, was considered one of France’s greatest short-story writers. His writings were mostly influenced by the divorce of his parents when he was thirteen years old and by great writers such as Shakespeare, Schopenhauer, and Flauber. His parent’s divorce caused his stories to depict unhappiness of matrimony, deceit, miscommunication, and a profound misunderstanding (Maupassant, Guy de, 1850-1893)Read MoreThe Necklace by Guy De Maupassant1367 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Being Honest is Always Best† Telling the truth will always prevent future conflicts. Author Guy De Maupassant who lived from 1850 to 1893 proves in the story of â€Å"The Necklace,† that no matter how bad a situation is, speaking with the truth is always best. Now, this author does not prove this theme directly. Instead, throughout various situations in the story the main characters are faced with a long-term conflict because decisions were not made with honesty. Mathilde and Loisel who is her husbandRead MoreThe Necklace, by Guy de Maupassant791 Words   |  4 Pagescharacterized by other people. In â€Å"The Necklace† Mme. Loisel is a beautiful woman with a decent life, and a husband that loves her, and only wants to make her happy. She is not rich but she makes it along, she insists of a better, wealthier life. When her husband gets her invited to a ball, she feels the need for a brand new fancy dress and tons of jewelry. When the couple realizes they cannot afford jewelry as well, they searc h out to borrow her friend, Mme. Forestiers’ necklace. She comes to notice she noRead MoreThe Necklace, By Guy De Maupassant966 Words   |  4 PagesIn Guy De Maupassant’s â€Å"The Necklace,† Mathilde is a 19th century French woman who desires a wealthier lifestyle than she can acquire. She is completely indulged in the material possessions of life and is focused on the items she does not have rather than what she owns. It seems her happiness is entirely dependent on wealth and status. She neglects her husband and is never content with what he can offer. Eventually, Mathilde’s struggles of envy, selfishness, and materialism drive her to poverty.Read MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant934 Words   |  4 Pagesduring this time period was Guy de Maupassant, who wrote one of the most influential short stories of this century. â€Å"The Necklace†, written by Guy de Maupassant, illustrates elements of fiction such as the symbolism of the necklace be cause of Mme. Loisel’s desire to be rich, irony due to the twist ending, and a powerful theme. Firstly, the necklace Mme. Loisel borrows and her perspective symbolizes the desire she has towards being wealthy and important in society. Maupassant describes effectively theRead MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1381 Words   |  6 Pagesstories are â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† was about a materialistic woman who faced consequences because of her envious personality and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† was about a man who experienced daydreams randomly throughout the day. Although both short stories used literary elements, Guy de Maupassant utilized them for readers to understand and enjoy the story more than James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† was a short storyRead MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1093 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the short story titled â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant, it is clear that the main themes being stressed are pride versus greed, and that things are not quite what they appear. Each of these things are represented throughout the story in some way, whether it be using animated language or symbolism. It is also clear that background information clearly aided the development of the themes Maupassant incorporated throughout the passage. It is seen throughout the story that the main characterRead MoreThe Necklace, By Guy De Maupassant999 Words   |  4 PagesIn Guy de Maupassant’s â€Å"The Necklace,† readers experience Mathilde Loisel’s life-changing event. Coming from nobility, de Maupassant tells the story of luxurious desire through the eyes of the middle class woman Mathilde. Mathilde constantly dreams of living the life of the upper class, and this prohibits her from acting in reality. Mathilde’s internal struggle for a sense of social royalty shows readers how quickly selfish pride destroys a person’s life. Throughout the course of â€Å"The NecklaceRead MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1019 Words   |  5 PagesIn the short story of â€Å"The Necklace†, the author Guy de Maupassant is a creative and intriguing tale which reveals a person s dreams of a luxurious lifestyle with countless materialistic possessions. He has skillfully developed the story into a mystery which reveals itself at the end. The main point in the story is that materialism can distort your view of happiness and fulfillment. It is wrong to be materialistic to the extent that you disregard what you already have and lose everything. Mathilde

The Social Organization Free Essays

The late Professor Fiske, in his Outline of Cosmic Philosophy, made a very interesting remark about societies like those of China, ancient Egypt, and ancient Assyria. â€Å"I am expressing,† he said, â€Å"something more than an analogy, I am describing a real homology so far as concerns the process of development,–when I say that these communities simulated modern European nations, much in the same way that a tree-fern of the carboniferous period simulated the exogenous trees of the present time. So far as this is true of China, it is likewise true of Japan. We will write a custom essay sample on The Social Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now The constitution of the old Japanese society was no more than an amplification of the constitution of the family,–the patriarchal family of primitive times. All modern Western societies have been developed out of a like patriarchal condition: the early civilizations of Greece and Rome were similarly constructed, upon a lesser scale. But the patriarchal family in Europe was disintegrated thousands of years ago; the gens and the curia dissolved and disappeared; the originally distinct classes became fused together; and a total reorganization of society was gradually [230] effected, everywhere resulting in the substitution of voluntary for compulsory cooperation. Industrial types of society developed; and a state-religion overshadowed the ancient and exclusive local cults. But society in Japan never, till within the present era, became one coherent body, never developed beyond the clan-stage. It remained a loose agglomerate of clan-groups, or tribes, each religiously and administratively independent of the rest; and this huge agglomerate was kept together, not by voluntary cooperation, but by strong compulsion. Down to the period of Meiji, and even for some time afterward, it was liable to split and fall asunder at any moment that the central coercive power showed signs of weakness. We may call it a feudalism; but it resembled European feudalism only as a tree-fern resembles a tree. Let us first briefly consider the nature of the ancient Japanese society. Its original unit was not the household, but the patriarchal family,–that is to say, the gens or clan, a body of hundreds or thousands of persons claiming descent from a common ancestor, and so religiously united by a common ancestor-worship,–the cult of the Ujigami. As I have said before, there were two classes of these patriarchal families: the O-uji, or Great Clans; and the Ko-uji, or Little Clans. The lesser were branches of the greater, and subordinate to [231] them,–so that the group formed by an O-uji with its Ko-uji might be loosely compared with the Roman curia or Greek phratry. Large bodies of serfs or slaves appear to have been attached to the various great Uji; and the number of these, even at a very early period, seems to have exceeded that of the members of the clans proper. The different names given to these subject-classes indicate different grades and kinds of servitude. One name was tomobe, signifying bound to a place, or district; another was yakabe, signifying bound to a family; a third was kakibe, signifying bound to a close, or estate; yet another and more general term was tami, which anciently signified â€Å"dependants,† but is now used in the meaning of the English word â€Å"folk. † †¦ There is little doubt that the bulk of the people were in a condition of servitude, and that there were many forms of servitude. Mr. Spencer has pointed out that a general distinction between slavery and serfdom, in the sense commonly attached to each of those terms, is by no means easy to establish; the real state of a subject-class, especially in early forms of society, depending much more upon the character of the master, and the actual conditions of social development, than upon matters of privilege and legislation. In speaking of early Japanese institutions, the distinction is particularly hard to draw: we are still but little informed as to the condition of the subject [232] classes in ancient times. It is safe to assert, however, that there were then really but two great classes,–a ruling oligarchy, divided into many grades; and a subject population, also divided into many grades. Slaves were tattooed, either on the face or some part of the body, with a mark indicating their ownership. Until within recent years this system of tattooing appears to have been maintained in the province of Satsuma,–where the marks were put especially upon the hands; and in many other provinces the lower classes were generally marked by a tattoo on the face. Slaves were bought and sold like cattle in early times, or presented as tribute by their owners,–a practice constantly referred to in the ancient records. Their unions were not recognized: a fact which reminds us of the distinction among the Romans between connubium and contubernium; and the children of a slave-mother by a free father remained slaves. * In the seventh century, however, private slaves were declared state-property, and great numbers were [233] then emancipated,–including nearly all–probably all–who were artizans or followed useful callings. Gradually a large class of freedmen came into existence; but until modern times the great mass of the common people appear to have remained in a condition analogous to serfdom. The greater number certainly had no family names,–which is considered evidence of a former slave-condition. Slaves proper were registered in the names of their owners: they do not seem to have had a cult of their own,–in early times, at least. But, prior to Meiji, only the aristocracy, samurai, doctors, and teachers–with perhaps a few other exceptions–could use a family name. Another queer bit of evidence or, the subject, furnished by the late Dr. Simmons, relates to the mode of wearing the hair among the subject-classes. Up to the time of the Ashikaga shogunate (1334 A. D. ), all classes excepting the nobility, samurai, Shinto priests, and doctors, shaved the greater part of the head, and wore queues; and this fashion of wearing the hair was called yakko-atama or dorei-atama–terms signifying â€Å"slave-head,† and indicating that the fashion originated in a period of servitude. [*In the year 645, the Emperor Kotoku issued the following edict on the subject:– The law of men and women shall be that the children born of a free man and a free woman shall belong to the father; if a free man takes to wife a slave-woman, her children shall belong to the mother; if a free woman marries a slave-man, the children shall belong to the father; if they are slaves of two houses, the children shall belong to the mother. The children of temple-serfs shall follow the rule for freemen. But in regard to others who become slaves, they shall be treated according to the rule for slaves. –Aston’s translation of the Nihongi, Vol. II, p. 202. ] About the origin of Japanese slavery, much remains to be learned. There are evidences of successive immigrations; and it is possible that some, at least, of the earlier Japanese settlers were reduced by later invaders to the status of servitude. Again, [234] there was a considerable immigration of Koreans and Chinese, some of whom might have voluntarily sought servitude as a refuge from worse evils. But the subject remains obscure. We know, however, that degradation to slavery was a common punishment in early times; also, that debtors unable to pay became the slaves of their creditors; also, that thieves were sentenced to become the slaves of those whom they had robbed. Evidently there were great differences in the conditions of servitude. The more unfortunate class of slaves were scarcely better off than domestic animals; but there were serfs who could not be bought or sold, nor employed at other than special work; these were of kin to their lords, and may have entered voluntarily into servitude for the sake of sustenance and protection. Their relation to their masters reminds us of that of the Roman client to the Roman patron. [*An edict issued by the Empress Jito, in 690, enacted that a father could sell his son into real slavery; but that debtors could be sold How to cite The Social Organization, Papers

The Domino Effect free essay sample

Recently, my older sister came home for a visit from college. Usually she brings souvenirs from her university for each of us, but this time was different. She stepped through the door holding a small, fuzzy, black and white ball of fur. A rabbit was cradled in her arms. She told us that she had bought it at college but there was a strict rule that no pets were allowed in the dorms. The rabbit would be staying here. My parents turned to me and said, â€Å"Have fun with it, Kurtis,† and my first thought was, Oh great, another thing I’m responsible for. It’s been about a week since I started caring for the critter, whom I named Domino. I refill his food bowl, make sure he has enough hay to chew on, and fill the water dispenser. I have grown quite fond of Domino and a bit intrigued by him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Domino Effect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can sit for hours watching the little guy as he wanders around his cage. Every day he gnaws at the cage door. I wonder if he is suffering, being such a small and defenseless animal. He will never be free to do as he pleases; his whole life he will be caged, eating pellets and vegetables, and drinking from a water dispenser. Never will he be able to run free in the woods or feel the warmth of summer or smell the flowers or the crisp winter air. When I watch him chew at his cage in his solitude, longing to be free, I am reminded of myself. Domino’s cage is probably two feet by two feet, while I am confined by parents, teachers, coaches, and friends, each with their standards. And I must conform to those standards to satisfy them. Being trapped is a feeling that nobody likes, not even a rabbit, but we all feel it. I live in a small town where everyone knows everything about everybody. This puts a great deal of pressure on me to succeed, because if I don’t, everyone will know and look down on me. This seven-mile stretch of land is my cage. When I look into Domino’s deep eyes, I see desperation and dissatisfaction. When I look in the mirror, I see the same. This creature has, without knowing it, opened my eyes to the truth about myself. We are not so different, and I feel his pain. Now is the time for me to make a change, to break free from the mold or be trapped for life in this confining cage.